Last reviewed April 2026 by Anna Modlinska, Company Formation Specialist

Company Formation in Turkey — Register a Ltd. Şti., A.Ş., Free Zone Company or Branch

ShelfCompanies24 has been forming Turkish companies for international clients since 1995. Our Istanbul team handles every step of company formation in Turkey on a single fixed-price contract — from picking the right legal form through Trade Registry registration, Revenue Administration tax registration, MASAK beneficial-ownership filing and your first Turkish bank account. Most clients are trading inside 2–4 weeks via Trade Registry electronic filing, or in 5–10 working days via a ready-made off-the-shelf Turkish company.

One-figure cost

Single payment covers Trade Registry filings, Notary, registered office and our service fee.

One-stop-shop

Turkish company + registered office + Turkish banking + mali müşavir under one roof.

Speed & service

Standard formation 2–4 weeks. Turkish/English-speaking case manager.

Mostly remote

e-imza, Turkish consulate, or vekaletname.

Burden is ours

We draft esas sözleşme, file Trade Registry, register vergi, file MASAK BO.

Which Turkish Company Type Should You Register?

Ltd. Şti. — Limited Şirket (Limited Liability Company)

The Ltd. Şti. is the workhorse of Turkish commerce. Governed by the Turkish Commercial Code (Türk Ticaret Kanunu).

  • Capital: minimum TRY 50,000.
  • Ortaklar: 1–50.
  • Müdür: at least one. Foreign müdürler welcome.

A.Ş. — Anonim Şirket (Joint-Stock Company)

For larger structures and listed entities (Borsa İstanbul). Min capital TRY 250,000.

Other forms

  • Adi Komandit Şirket / Komandit Şirket — partnerships
  • Free Zone Company — for qualifying Free Zone operations
  • Şube — branch of foreign company
  • İrtibat Bürosu — liaison office (no commercial operations permitted)
Form Min. capital Formation time Best for
Ltd. Şti. TRY 50,000 2–4 weeks Default — SMEs, holdings
A.Ş. TRY 250,000 4–8 weeks Listed groups, banking
Free Zone Company Varies by zone 4–8 weeks Manufacturing, R&D
Şube Parent-dependent 4–8 weeks Foreign multinational presence
Off-the-shelf Ltd. Şti. or A.Ş. Varies 5–10 days Need immediate trading

Step-by-Step Turkish Company Formation Process

1. Strategy call and entity choice

Confirm legal form, shareholder structure, business activity (NACE codes), merkez, capital, banking preferences.

2. Vergi numarası for foreign founders

Foreign shareholders and müdürler need a Turkish tax number before incorporation.

3. Drafting esas sözleşme

Articles drafted by our Istanbul attorney, bilingual Turkish-English.

4. Notarisation by Turkish noter

Articles notarised. Foreign founders can sign at Turkish consulates, via e-imza or via vekaletname.

5. Capital deposit

Open a deposit account at a Turkish bank, deposit TRY 50,000+ (Ltd. Şti.) or TRY 62,500+ (A.Ş., 25% of TRY 250,000). Bank issues confirmation.

6. Trade Registry application

Filed with the Trade Registry via the relevant chamber of commerce (Istanbul Chamber of Commerce, Ankara CC, etc.). Trade Registry issues registration certificate typically within 5–10 working days.

7. Tax registration with Revenue Administration

Vergi numarası activated for tax filing. KDV (VAT) registration if relevant.

8. MASAK BO Register filing

Beneficial owners filed in the MASAK BO Register.

9. Bank account and operational readiness

Convert deposit account to operating account. Turkish banks: Garanti BBVA, İş Bankası, Yapı Kredi, Akbank, Ziraat, Halkbank, Vakıfbank.

Turkish Corporate Tax Environment (2026)

  • 25% CIT standard.
  • 20% / 10% / 1% KDV (VAT).
  • 15% withholding on dividends; reduced under DTTs.
  • R&D Tax Credits — significant deductions for qualifying R&D.
  • Technopark / Technology Development Zones — corporate tax exemption for qualifying R&D.
  • Free Zones — 0% CIT on qualifying activities.
  • EU Customs Union — tariff-free industrial-goods access to EU since 1995.
  • Turkish Lira inflation — significant in recent years; FX-hedging considerations matter.

Frequently Asked Questions about Turkish Company Formation

How long does formation in Turkey really take?

Ltd. Şti.: 2–4 weeks. A.Ş.: 4–8 weeks. Off-the-shelf transfer: 5–10 working days.

What is the minimum capital for a Turkish Ltd. Şti.?

TRY 50,000.

Do I need to be Turkey-resident?

No. Foreign shareholders and müdürler are welcome. A vergi numarası is required.

How does the EU Customs Union benefit Turkish companies?

Turkish industrial goods enjoy tariff-free access to the EU single market under the Customs Union (in force since 1995). For manufacturing operations targeting EU markets, this provides cost-of-goods advantages over EU-based peers (lower Turkish labour and operational costs) while preserving preferential market access.

What about Turkish lira inflation?

Turkish lira has experienced significant inflation in recent years. International clients should consider FX-hedging strategies and may benefit from operating partly in EUR/USD via foreign-currency Turkish bank accounts (permitted).

How much corporate tax will my Turkish company pay?

25% CIT. KDV 20% standard. 0% if structured under Free Zone regime for qualifying activities.

What comes after Trade Registry registration?

Tax registration, KDV registration, MASAK BO filing, bank account opening, mali müşavir engagement.

Ready to register your Turkish company? Contact our Turkish desk.

Related Services in Turkey

Why Choose Turkey Over Comparable Jurisdictions

Turkey is one of several jurisdictions where ShelfCompanies24 maintains pre-formed entities and active formation services. Why pick Turkey for your Ltd. Şti. specifically? Bridge EU/Asia, manufacturing, free zones is the headline reason — but it pays to understand the trade-offs against the alternatives. Below are concrete differentiators that matter when you’re pricing a structure decision against the actual operating profile of your business.

  • 2026 corporate tax rate: 25%.
  • Formation timeline: 5 days for new incorporation, 48 hours for shelf-Ltd. Şti. transfer.
  • Capital efficiency: ShelfCompanies24 starting fees from EUR 2,000 (formation) and EUR 3,500 (shelf) — well-priced against the equivalent service from Turkish accountants and lawyers approached directly, who typically operate hourly billing without all-in fixed-fee scoping.
  • Banking access: our consultants pre-position your Ltd. Şti. with banks that accept the structure for your operating profile, rather than letting your application sit cold in an onboarding queue for 8-16 weeks.
  • Strategic location: Turkey sits at a meaningful trade or treaty-network corner, which can move the after-tax economics of your structure compared to alternatives.

Substance, Pillar Two, and 2026 Regulatory Realities

Cross-border corporate structuring in 2026 is governed by a tighter web of rules than in any previous decade. Three forces shape every decision:

  • OECD Pillar Two — global minimum effective tax rate of 15% on multinational groups with consolidated revenues above EUR 750 million. Where applicable, Turkey (like every modern jurisdiction) operates a Qualified Domestic Minimum Top-up Tax (QDMTT) so any top-up tax accrues locally rather than to a foreign parent jurisdiction. Smaller groups and standalone companies are out of scope of Pillar Two and continue under the regular Turkey tax regime.
  • Beneficial-owner transparency — the Türkiye Ticaret Sicili Gazetesi (TTSG) and Turkey’s beneficial-owner register cooperate to maintain a current record of every natural person controlling more than 25% of shares, voting rights, or profit distribution rights of any Turkish corporate entity. We file the initial registration alongside incorporation and maintain it as part of the ongoing service.
  • Substance expectations — passive holding companies face a reduced substance test; active income-generating activities face the full test (adequate staff, premises, and management presence in Turkey commensurate with the activity carried on). Your consultant maps your activity profile to the substance level needed before incorporation.

For Turkey specifically: 25% CIT; EU Customs Union since 1995 for industrial goods; free-zone CIT exemptions.

Common Pitfalls When Forming a Turkish Company

Issues we routinely see when prospects come to us after attempting the process directly with local providers in Turkey:

  • Underestimating documentation — incomplete KYC packs, missing apostille on cross-border documents, or notarisation defects routinely add 2-4 weeks to a 5 days target. Our pre-flight document checklist eliminates this in advance.
  • Picking the wrong legal form — choosing the Ltd. Şti. when an alternative Turkish structure would have been better for the activity profile, or vice versa. Reorganisation later is expensive.
  • Bank onboarding mismatch — applying to a bank whose product profile doesn’t match your transaction volume, currency mix, or industry. Re-applying after rejection signals risk to the next bank.
  • Gaps in post-incorporation registrations — VAT/sales-tax thresholds, beneficial-owner deadlines, and sector-specific licences each have their own filing windows that the basic incorporation pack doesn’t cover.

Additional Questions about Turkey Formation

Can I change the registered name of a Turkish Ltd. Şti. after acquisition or formation?

Yes. A name change is filed with the TTSG via a directors’ resolution and a routine filing — typically clears in 48 hours. We include up to one name change in the standard fee for both shelf-company purchase and new formation. Subsequent changes are billed at cost.

Will my Turkish Ltd. Şti. have access to EU/EEA double-tax treaties?

Turkey maintains its own bilateral double-tax treaty network (specifics vary by country). Your consultant maps the relevant treaties for your operating profile during the initial scoping. Note that all modern treaties have been updated under the OECD Multilateral Instrument with anti-abuse principal-purpose tests, so genuine substance and commercial purpose matter for treaty entitlement.

How does ShelfCompanies24 protect client confidentiality?

Client information is held under contractual non-disclosure plus the professional-secrecy obligations applicable to corporate-service providers in our home jurisdiction. We do not share client identity or transaction details with third parties beyond what is statutorily required (KYC reporting, beneficial-owner-register filings, AML/CTF reporting where triggered). Our internal access to client files is logged and access-restricted by need-to-know.

What happens if Turkey changes its corporate-tax regime materially?

Material tax changes (rate moves, new minimum-tax regimes, treaty amendments) get communicated to active clients with our analysis of impact. Where the change is structural — for example the OECD Pillar Two implementation in Turkey or a domestic tax-base reform — we proactively flag clients whose structures may need restructuring and offer a pricing-defined remedial path. The client is not left to discover material regulatory change from their accountant or from media reports.

What is the difference between forming a Ltd. Şti. versus a branch of a foreign company in Turkey?

A Ltd. Şti. is a separate legal entity Turkish-tax-resident with its own corporate tax filings and beneficial-owner record. A branch is an extension of a foreign parent — the foreign parent is the legal entity, the Turkey branch books local-source income but the parent’s overall tax liability cascades. Most foreign owners pick a Ltd. Şti. for liability ring-fencing and clean tax accounting; branches are sometimes preferred where the parent has specific group-relief or treaty considerations that depend on common legal personality.

Service Scope — What ShelfCompanies24 Delivers

Engaging us for your Turkish new Ltd. Şti. formation covers the following deliverables under one fixed-fee proposal:

  • Initial scoping call — free, 30-45 minutes, with a Turkish-experienced consultant who maps your business model to the right structure.
  • KYC pack preparation — checklist, sample templates, and review of your draft documents before submission.
  • Ltd. Şti. drafting — memorandum and articles of association, directors’ resolutions, share-capital subscription, registered-office agreement.
  • TTSG filing — electronic submission, fee payment, and clearance of any registry queries.
  • Tax registration — corporate tax identification, VAT/sales-tax registration where applicable.
  • Beneficial-owner register filing — initial filing plus ongoing maintenance during the first 12 months.
  • Bank account introduction — pre-screened bank match, supporting documentation pack, and follow-up with the relationship manager.
  • Apostille and courier — for cross-border documents requiring legalisation.
  • Digital handover pack — certificates, registers, share certificates, banking credentials, and a 12-month compliance calendar.

The deliverable scope is identical regardless of whether you are based in the EU, the US, the UK, the Middle East, or APAC — we operate the same fixed-fee model globally for Turkish corporate setup. Optional add-ons (virtual office, accounting retainer, payroll, sector licences, transfer-pricing documentation) are quoted line-item separately so there is no scope creep on the headline incorporation or transfer fee.

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